Kaktus Tumbuh Prima dan Cepat

Malang benar Heidi, gadis yang biasa hidup di pegunungan bersalju itu di Frankfurt yang lebih panas dipaksa mengenakan berlapis-lapis gaun. Pantas keringatnya segera berleleran di sekujur tubuh. Tiba di kediaman calon majikan Heidipun mengalamai dehidrasi. Bak Heidi dalam dongeng anak terkenal di Swiss, kaktus juga kerap mendapat perlakuan salah. Hobiis senang meletakkan anggota famili Cactaceae di teras atau di dalam ruangan selama berbulan-bulan tanpa pernah dikeluarkan. lMusababnya, ‘Banyak orang menganggap kaktus butuh kondisi teduh karena banyak dibudidayakan di dataran tinggi,’ ujar Pramana Abdul Gani, pemilik nurseri di Depok, Jawa Barat.

Kaktus Bagi mereka dataran tinggi identik dengan suasana teduh. Makanya kaktus diletakkan di tempat ternaungi. Padahal seperti julukannya, tanaman gurun, kaktus justru butuh diperlakukan seperti kondisi di tempat asli. Di gurun, tanaman dibanjiri sinar matahari sepanjang hari. Alhasil, karena salah perlakuan banyak hobiis berkeluh-kesah. Merawat kaktus itu sulit. Baru beberapa hari dibeli dari pameran atau nurseri, tahu-tahu membusuk dan mati.

Media Penting

‘Kaktus diproduksi di dataran tinggi karena pertumbuhan di sana lebih cepat ketimbang di dataran rendah,’ kata Pramana. Di dataran tinggi perbedaan suhu siang dan malam yang ekstrim – dibutuhkan kaktus supaya tumbuh pesat – mudah dimodifikasi. Para pekebun menanam kaktus di dalam rumah plastik. Dengan cara itu suhu siang hari bisa mencapai di atas 35^oC, karena panas matahari terperangkap di dalam rumah plastik. Malam hari, suhu sangat dingin di bawah 22^oC. Mirip kondisi gurun.

Menurut Dr Susiani Purbaningsih DEA dari Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Indonesia, perbedaan suhu siang dan malam yang lebar memicu pembungaan kaktus. Produksi biji untuk perbanyakan pun melimpah. Beda suhu itu juga merangsang kaktus memproduksi banyak anakan.

Ketika kaktus hasil budidaya di dataran tinggi itu dibawa ke dataran rendah, seperti Jakarta, tentu perlu ada penyesuaian. Salah satunya media. Tak ada komposisi standar media kaktus. ‘Yang penting kering dan porous,’ ujar Pramana. Media tanam yang dipakai pekebun di dataran tinggi belum tentu cocok untuk dataran rendah.

Di Depok, Pramana menggunakan campuran pasir malang, sekam bakar, dan pupuk kandang dengan perbandingan 1:1:1/2. Untuk meningkatkan pH dan porositas ia menambahkan zeolit 5 – 10% dari volume media. Sementara Linda, hobiis di Surabaya, Jawa Timur, memilih media sekam bakar, pasir malang, pupuk kandang, dan kompos. Komposisinya 1:5:2,5:1. Linda juga menambahkan 1 bagian pasir halus di permukaan media.

Tunggu 3 hari

Bila media sudah tepat, faktor berikutnya cahaya. Di alam, kaktus tumbuh tersiram sinar matahari langsung. Artinya cahaya penuh mutlak dibutuhkan kaktus untuk tumbuh. Itu berlaku di dataran rendah maupun tinggi. Bila kaktus dipajang di dalam ruangan, jemurlah seminggu sekali. Berbarengan dengan itu siram media hingga basah. Biarkan kaktus bermandi matahari selama 3 – 4 hari atau tergantung keringnya media. Setelah itu barulah kaktus dipakai menghias ruangan lagi.

Menurut Pami Hernadi, pekebun sukulen dan kaktus selama 32 tahun, di dataran rendah yang panas, frekuensi penyiraman 3 hari sekali. Di dataran tinggi cukup seminggu sekali. Sebagai patokan lihat media. Jika hari ini kering, maka 3 hari kemudian baru disiram. Untuk kaktus yang ditanam dalam pot besar – diameter di atas 12 cm – harus lebih hati-hati. Meski permukaan media kering, kadang-kadang di bagian bawah masih basah. Penyiraman cukup 2 – 3 minggu sekali.

Agar penampilan prima, sebaiknya kaktus diletakkan di bawah plastik UV. Tujuannya menghindari air berlebih dari hujan. Kadar air tinggi mengakibatkan kelembapan di sekitar kaktus tinggi. Akibatnya kaktus mudah busuk. Bila telanjur busuk, bersihkan dan cuci semua bagian yang rusak, lalu olesi fungisida dan keringkan selama 1 – 2 minggu. Barulah kaktus ditanam kembali.

Menurut Pramana, kaktus tanaman yang irit hara. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya cukup dipasok dari pupuk kandang atau kompos yang dicampur pada media tanam. Pemberiannya 6 – 12 bulan sekali sembari mengganti media. Pemberian pupuk sintetis kimia memang memacu tanaman cepat tumbuh, tapi akibatnya kulit pecah-pecah. Itu karena elastisitas kulit tak mampu menahan laju pertumbuhan sel jaringan batang yang terlalu cepat.

Kalaupun mau, cukup berikan pupuk lambat urai seperti Osmocote, Multicode, atau Decastar sebagai tambahan nutrisi. Dengan begitu kaktus tumbuh subur dan kematian akibat salah perawatan pun dapat dihindari. (Rosy Nur Apriyanti/Peliput: Nesia Artdiyasa, dan Tri Susanti)

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This article was translated by Google Translator. Thank you Google.

Prima and Fast Growing cactus

Malang is Heidi, the girl who used to live in the snowy mountains in Frankfurt that more heat was forced to wear a dress in layers. Deserve immediate sweat dripping all over his body. Arriving at the residence of the prospective employer Heidipun experiencing a dehydration. Heidi Bak in the famous tale of children in Switzerland, the cactus are also often treated wrong. Hobbyists happy to put the Cactaceae family members on the terrace or indoors for months without ever being issued. lMusababnya, 'Many people think of cacti need shade conditions because many are cultivated in the highlands,' said Abdul Gani Pramana, nursery owner in Depok, West Java.

For those plateaus is identical to the atmosphere of calm. So cactus placed in shaded places. And as his nickname, desert plants, cactus needs to be treated precisely as in the original condition. In the desert, the plant is flooded with sunlight throughout the day. As a result, many hobbyists because of wrong treatment complaining. Caring for cactus is difficult. Recently purchased a few days of exhibition or nursery, before I know rot and die.

Important Media

'Cactus is produced on the plateau because there is more rapid growth than in the lowlands, "said Pramana. In the highlands of day and night temperature differences are extreme - it takes a cactus that grows fast - easy to modify. The planters to plant cactus in a plastic house. That way daytime temperatures can reach over 35oC, because the solar heat trapped inside the plastic house. At night, very cold temperatures below 22oC. Desert-like conditions.

According to Dr. Susiani Purbaningsih DEA from the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, day and night temperature difference in the width of trigger flowering cactus. Production of seeds for propagation were abundant. Temperature difference was also stimulated to produce lots of cactus seedlings.

When the cactus cultivated in the highlands was taken to the lowlands, such as Jakarta, certainly needs no adjustment. One of the media. There was no standard composition of cactus media. 'The important thing is dry and porous, "said Pramana. Planters planting medium used in the highlands is not necessarily suitable for the lowlands.

In Depok, Pramana using a mixture of poor sand, husk fuel, and manure in the ratio 1:1:1 / 2. To raise the pH and porosity zeolite he adds 50-10% of the volume of media. While Linda, hobbyists in Surabaya, East Java, select media husk fuel, poor sand, manure, and compost. Its composition 1:5:2,5:1. Linda also add 1 part fine sand on the surface of the media.

Wait 3 days

When the media is right, the next factor of light. In nature, cactus grows doused direct sunlight. That is absolutely full of light needed to grow cacti. That goes in the lowlands or high. When the cactus on display in the room, jemurlah once a week. Simultaneously with the media until the wet flush. Let the cactus sunbathe for 3-4 days or depending on the dryness of the media. Afterwards, the cactus used to decorate the room again.

According to Pami Hernadi, succulent and cactus planters for 32 years, in the lowlands are hot, the frequency of watering 3 days. In the highlands just once a week. See media as a benchmark. If today is dry, then 3 days later, a new flushing. For cactus planted in large pots - above 12 cm diameter - should be more careful. Although the surface of dry media, sometimes at the bottom is still wet. Watering sufficiently 2-3 weeks.

Primed for the appearance, the cactus should be placed under UV plastic. The goal is to avoid excess water from the rain. High water levels result in high humidity around the cactus. Consequently cactus easily rot. If you already rotten, clean and wash all the parts are damaged, then rubbing fungicides and dry for 1-2 weeks. Cactus then replanted.

According Pramana, cactus plants are efficient nutrient. Growth and development sufficiently supplied from manure or compost mixed in the planting medium. Gift 6-12 months while changing media. Synthetic chemical fertilizer plant is spurred rapid growth, but consequently cracked skin. That's because the skin elasticity was unable to restrain the rate of growth of tissue stem cells that are too fast.

If not, just give it fertilizer such as Osmocote slow explained, Multicode, or Decastar as additional nutrients. With so cacti thrive and death due to improper maintenance can be avoided. (Rosy Nur Apriyanti / Covering: Nesia Artdiyasa, and Tri Susanti)

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